Rotation refers to the circular movement of an object around a central axis or fixed point. In geometry, it describes a transformation that turns a figure by a specified angle in a particular direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) without altering its shape or size. In physics, rotation is a fundamental concept in kinematics, describing the motion of rigid bodies or celestial objects like planets. In computer graphics, rotation matrices or quaternions are used to manipulate 3D objects. The principles of rotation apply across disciplines, from engineering (e.g., gears, turbines) to sports (e.g., spinning balls). Key measures include angular velocity, rotational symmetry, and torque.